Which practice best prevents skin breakdown in a dependent resident?

• A. Massage daily with essential oils.
• B. Avoid bathing to prevent moisture.
• C. Regular repositioning, keeping skin clean and dry, using barrier creams as prescribed, and maintaining good hygiene and moisture.
• D. Increase friction with linen during turning.

Answer: (C)

Preventing skin breakdown relies on relieving pressure, protecting the skin from moisture, and minimizing friction and shear in immobile residents. Regular repositioning shifts weight away from vulnerable areas so blood flow can improve and tissue isn’t continuously compressed. Keeping the skin clean and dry helps prevent maceration, which weakens skin and makes breakdown more likely. Barrier creams provide a protective layer in areas that are exposed to moisture or irritation, supporting skin integrity without leaving the skin overly wet or sticky. Maintaining good hygiene supports overall skin health and reduces the risk of infection, odors, and irritation. Together, these practices address the main risk factors for pressure injuries: pressure, moisture, friction, and shear.

Options that suggest massaging with essential oils can irritate or sensitise the skin and does not address pressure or moisture control. Skipping baths or bathing less frequently can allow buildup of sweat, oils, and bacteria, increasing irritation and risk of breakdown. Increasing friction with linen during turning would cause more damage to the skin rather than protect it.